Tournament concept

ICM — Tournament Poker Concept Explained

Also known as Independent Chip Model

Here's a clear definition with real-hand context, plus how it connects to the rest of your strategy.

Quick answer

ICM (Independent Chip Model) — Converts tournament chip stacks to real-dollar equity.

In more detail

Critical near the bubble and at final tables. Big stacks lose marginal value; short stacks gain it. ICM dictates wider folds for big stacks and wider calls for shorts.

Try the tool

ICM calculator

Common questions

What does ICM mean in poker?

Critical near the bubble and at final tables. Big stacks lose marginal value; short stacks gain it. ICM dictates wider folds for big stacks and wider calls for shorts.

What's the fastest way to calculate ICM at the table?

Use our ICM calculator — it runs entirely in your browser, free, no signup.

Related terms

Double Up

Winning an all-in to double your chip stack.

Freeroll

A tournament with no entry fee but real prizes.

MTT

A tournament played across many tables, players consolidating until one is left.

Short Stack

Having significantly fewer chips than the table average.

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